The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.